Re: Cheese making and fermented foods
Kefir - yes, I had to look it up! Hey, I'm a Texan, Southern, North American - what do I know?
From Wikipedia:
Kefir (alternately kefīrs, keefir, kephir, kewra, talai, mudu kekiya, milkkefir, búlgaros) is a fermented milk drink that originated in the Caucasus region. It is prepared by inoculating cow, goat, or sheep's milk with kefir grains. Traditional kefir was made in skin bags that were hung near a doorway; the bag would be knocked by anyone passing through the doorway to help keep the milk and kefir grains well mixed[citation needed]. Dairy-free alternatives are available, such as coconut milk kefir and soy milk kefir.
The word kefir is said to have originated from the Turkish word "keyif" which means "joy" or "pleasure". This is probably due to the overall sense of health and well-being they enjoyed though its consumption. Kefir dates back many centuries to the shepherds of the Caucasus mountains, many of which live to be happily active and over 100years[citation needed]. They discovered that fresh milk carried in leather pouches would occasionally ferment into an effervescent beverage.
For most of recorded history, kefir was scarcely known outside the Caucasian Mountains, although Marco Polo mentioned it in recounting his travels. Kefir received renewed interest in the Western World when it was found it to be a useful therapeutic treatment for patients in sanitariums. This self-carbonated dairy-based beverage continues to be popular in Russia, southwestern Asia and Eastern and Northern Europe, and has recently gained some popularity in the United States.
Kefir comes from two Persian words- "kef" (foam) and "shir" (milk).
Overview
Kefir grains are a combination of bacteria and yeasts in a matrix of proteins, lipids, and sugars. This symbiotic matrix forms "grains" that resemble cauliflower. Many different bacteria and yeasts are found in the kefir grains, which are a complex and highly variable community of micro-organisms termed probiotics.[1]
Traditional kefir is fermented at ambient temperatures, generally overnight. Fermentation of the lactose yields a sour, carbonated, slightly alcoholic beverage, with a consistency similar to thin yoghurt.[2] Kefir fermented by small-scale dairies early in the 20th century achieved alcohol levels between 1 and 2 percent, but kefir made commercially with modern methods of production has less than 1% alcohol, possibly due to reduced fermentation time.[3]
Variations that thrive in various other liquids exist. They may vary markedly from kefir in both appearance and microbial composition. Water kefir (or kefir d'acqua) is grown in water with sugar (sometimes with added dry fruit such as figs, and lemon juice) for a day or more at room temperature.
More info here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kefir